Genistein, a chemical compound that can be found in soybeans counters the development of papillary thyroid cancer cells.

 

Nutr Cancer.   Ferrari SM, Antonelli A, Guidi P, Bernardeschi M, Scarcelli V, Fallahi P, Frenzilli G.Genotoxicity Evaluation of the Soybean Isoflavone Genistein in Human Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells. Study of Its Potential Use in Thyroid Cancer Therapy. 2019 Apr 24;:1-10. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1604004. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 31017483.

 

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Compounds from Mulberry are shown to induce the death of thyroid cancer cells.

 

Kaohsiung J Med Sci.  Long HL, Zhang FF, Wang HL, Yang WS, Hou HT, Yu JK, Liu B. Mulberry anthocyanins improves thyroid cancer progression mainly by inducing apoptosis and autophagy cell death. 2018 May;34(5):255-262. doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2017.11.004. Epub 2017 Dec 6. PubMed PMID: 29699632.

Ferruginol, a compound isolated from the needles of the redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) is shown to inhibit the growth of thyroid cancer.

 

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In view of the results of this study, it might be suggested that ferruginol might serve as an essential lead molecule for the treatment of thyroid cancer.

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Med Sci Monit   Luo G, Zhou J, Li G, Hu N, Xia X, Zhou H. Ferruginol Diterpenoid Selectively Inhibits Human Thyroid Cancer Growth by Inducing Mitochondrial Dependent Apoptosis, Endogenous Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production, Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Loss and Suppression of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways. . 2019 Apr 21;25:2935-2942. doi: 10.12659/MSM.914348. PubMed PMID: 31005958; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6492615.

 

 

The compound ginsenoside Rg3 occurs naturally in Asian Ginseng (Panax ginseng)  and has been found to inhibit the growth of thyroid cancer and significantly inhibit the ability of thyroid cancer to spread.

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J Med Food   Wu W, Zhou Q, Zhao W, Gong Y, Su A, Liu F, Liu Y, Li Z, Zhu J.  Ginsenoside RG3 inhibition of thyroid cancer metastasis is associated with alternation of actin skeleton.   2018 Sep;21(9):849-857. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2017.4144. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

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ECGC is a major catechin in green tea. A catechin is a natural phenol and antioxidant. It is also a secondary plant metabolite belonging to the flavonoid family. Phenols are important in cancer treatment and prevention. This study tested it against papillary and follicular cancer cell lines. It showed multiple anti-cancer effects on both kinds of thyroid cancer. It inhibited the growth of cancer cells. Reduced cell motility and migration. And, it inhibited epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. This is important because this process turns epithelial cells into mesenchymal stem cells, which causes cell differentiation that can lead to metastasis.

 

J Cell Physiol. 2013 Oct;228(10):2054-62. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24372.

Epigallocatechin gallate inhibits growth and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in human thyroid carcinoma cell lines.

De Amicis F, Perri A, Vizza D, Russo A, Panno ML, Bonofiglio D, Giordana C, Mauro L, Aquila S, Tramontano D, Ando S.  

 

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This analysis concluded that higher tea consumption may have a protective effect against thyroid cancer at least in America and Europe. The meta-analysis consisted of reviewing 11 articles and 14 studies in Pub Med and Web of Knowledge data bases.

 

Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Aug 15;8(8):14345-51.

eCollection 2015.

Association of tea consumption and the risk of thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis.

Ma S, Wang C, Bai J, Wang X, Li C.

 

 

Some herbal teas, especially chamomile, may be protective against thyroid cancer and benign thyroid disease. The more tea you drink and the longer you drink it, the more protective it is.

 

Eur J Public Health. 2015 Dec;25(6):1001-5. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckv063. Epub 2015 Apr 4.

The effect of Greek herbal tea consumption on thyroid cancer: a case-control study.

Riza E, Linos A, Petralias A, de Martinis L, Duntas L, Linos D.

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Myricetin is a flavonol in vegetables, fruits especially berries, nuts, tea and red wine. It has anticancer, antioxididant and anti-inflammatory benefits. And, most importantly it demonstrated the ability to kill 70% of human of anaplastic cells, the deadliest of thyroid cancer cells.

 

 

 

Anticancer Res. 2017 Apr;37(4):1705-1710.

Myricetin Induces Apoptosis of Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells via Mitochondria Dysfunction.

Jo S, Ha TK, Han SH, Kim ME, Jung I, Lee HW, Bae SK, Lee JS.

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Calcitriol, the active form of Vitamin D3, inhibits the rapid reproduction of cancer stem cells in anaplastic thyroid cell lines. It may also have a positive effect on stem cell differentiation.

 

 

 

Endocr Res. 2016 May;41(2):71-80. doi: 10.3109/07435800.2015.1037048. Epub 2016 Mar 30.

1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits the proliferation of thyroid cancer stem-like cells via cell cycle arrest.

Peng W, Wang K, Zheng R, Derwahl M.

 

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Essential oil made from the leaves, twigs and berries of Pistacia lentiscus caused oxidative stress and cell death to thyroid carcinoma cells. “FTC-133 cells were the most sensitive.” The treatment also increased the effect of 3 chemo drugs.

 

PLoS One. 2017 Feb 14;12(2):e0172138. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172138. eCollection 2017.

Oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in human thyroid carcinoma cells exposed to the essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus aerial parts.

Catalani S, Palma F, Battistelli S, Benedetti S.

 

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Curcumin may overcome resistance to traditional treatment.

 

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar 6. doi: 10.1007/s00432-017-2380-z. [Epub ahead of print]

Curcumin induces G2/M arrest, apoptosis, NF-κB inhibition, and expression of differentiation genes in thyroid carcinoma cells.

Schwertheim S, Wein F, Lennartz K, Worm K, Schmid KW, Sheu-Grabellus SY.

 

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Quercetin has a synergistic effect on Medullary and Papillary thyroid cancers. Some top sources of Quercetin are peppers, blueberries, black berries, tomatoes, broccoli, cabbage, sprouts, spinach, kale, cocoa, buckwheat, capers, raw red onions, olive oil, black tea, green tea, beans, legumes, sage, and Ginko Biloba. The response to hyaluronic acid hydrogel of Quercetin combined with SNS-314 on Medullary TT and Papillary BCPAP thyroid cancers was favorable. SNS-314 is an Aurora Kinase inhibitor. Aurora Kinases are necessary in order for cells to rapidly reproduce and segregate. A defect during segregation can cause tumor development. This combination treatment reduced the binding power of cancer cells, showing anti-tumor activity. Significant anti-inflammatory effects were also achieved.      

 

J Cell Physiol. 2016 Aug;231(8):1784-95. doi: 10.1002/jcp.25283. Epub 2016 Feb 2.

Inhibitor of Aurora New Treatment of Medullary and Papillary Human Thyroid Cancer: Biological Effects of Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Loaded With Quercetin Alone or in Combination to an Kinase.

Quagliariello V1, Armenia E1, Aurilio C1, Rosso F1, Clemente O1, de Sena G1, Barbarisi M2, Barbarisi A1

 

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Results suggest a potential nutritional cause of thyroid cancer.

 

Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2014 Jun;23(6):1102-8. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-1150. Epub 2014 Mar 31.

Dietary flavonoid intake and thyroid cancer risk in the NIH-AARP diet and health study.

Xiao Q1, Park Y2, Hollenbeck AR2, Kitahara CM2.

 

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Some thyroid cancer patients are resistant to radioiodine therapy, which reduces chances of survival. Flavonoids in vegetables have been previously been shown to help with the biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in addition to having anti-cancer effects. Of the flavonoids tested, Rutin showed promise as an adjuvant radiotherapy treatment. “This flavonoid increased iodide uptake without greatly affecting thyroid function.” Rutin is found in black tea,  buckwheat bran, citrus fruits, apple skins, figs, elderflower tea, and asparagus.     

 

PLoS One. 2013 Sep 4;8(9):e73908. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073908. eCollection 2013.

Flavonoid rutin increases thyroid iodide uptake in rats.

Gonçalves CF, Santos MC, Ginabreda MG, Fortunato RS, Carvalho DP, Freitas Ferreira AC.

 

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The idea here is to return undifferentiated cancer cells to their original specialized functions. Doing so inhibits tumor growth and enhances traditional treatment. Polyphenol phytochemicals (PP’s) were used to accomplish this. Different PP’s worked on different thyroid cancer cell lines and in different ways. The effective PP’s tested were genistein, resveratrol and quercetin. PP’s come from plants.

 

J Korean Med Sci. 2011 Jul;26(7):893-9. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2011.26.7.893. Epub 2011 Jun 20.

Antiproliferation and redifferentiation in thyroid cancer cell lines by polyphenol phytochemicals.

Kang HJ1, Youn YK, Hong MK, Kim LS.

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Honokiol, a natural product extracted from herbal plants, could demonstrate cytotoxicity in thyroid cancer cells

 

Life Sci. 2018 Jun 5. pii: S0024-3205(18)30343-6. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.06.002. [Epub ahead of print]

Proteomic analysis of honokiol-induced cytotoxicity in thyroid cancer cells.

Chou HC1, Lu CH2, Su YC3, Lin LH4, Yu HI2, Chuang HH2, Tsai YT4, Liao EC4, Wei YS4, Yang YT4, Chien YA3, Yu XR3, Lee YR5, Chan HL6.